Table 2.1 Field meter characteristics
Table 2.2 Magnetic field exposure metrics used in epidemiological studies
Table 2.3 Standard occupational classification codes and job categories of "electrical jobs"
Table 2.4 Electrical occupations derived from job titles with TWA magnetic field exposures
Table 2.5 Occupational exposure measurements in occupational studies
Table 2.6 Distribution of wire code categories of control subjects' homes in seven studies in the USA
Table 2.7 Measured magnetic fields and Wertheimer-Leeper wire codes in six studies in the USA
Table 2.8 Comparison of the percentage of homes in wire code categories > 0.2 or 0.3 µT in four studies in the USA
Table 2.9 Estimated median magnetic fields in the 1000 homes survey
Table 2.10 Average magnetic flux densities in schools in Canada 45
Table 2.11 Magnetic fields associated with use of appliances 47
Table 3.1 Typical average electric fields in bone marrow in numerical dosimetric studies of uniform conditions of exposure to electric or magnetic fields at 60 Hz 80
Table 3.2 Calculated average induced electric fields in selected tissues in a human adult from a 1.0 µT, 60 Hz magnetic field orientated from shoulders and assumed tissue conductivities 81
Table 4.1 Results of long term chronic bioassays in rodents exposed to EMF 103
Table 4.2 Assays of co-initiation and of promotion of: mammary cancer 104
Table 4.3 Incidences of mammary gland lesions in female rats exposed to 10 mg DMBA plus sham exposure or exposure to magnetic fields 94
Table 4.4 Studies of promotion and co-promotion of skin cancer 105
Table 4.5 Studies of promotion and co-promotion of liver cancer 106
Table 4.6 Studies of promotion of: Lymphoma/leukemia 106
Table 4.7 Lymphoma incidence in mice treated with ionizing radiation and EMF 99
Table 4.8 Leukemia/lymphoma in transgenic mice exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields 101
Table 4.9 Minimal exposure assessment required for a study to be included in this review 109
Table 4.10 Epidemiological studies of exposure to EMF and cancer at all sites 146
Table 4.11 Epidemiological studies of leukemia with full-shift measurements of magnetic fields 147
Table 4.12 Epidemiological studies of brain cancer with full-shift measurements of magnetic fields 151
Table 4.13 Cohort studies of breast cancer and occupational exposure to EMF 154
Table 4.14 Case-control studies of male breast cancer and occupational exposure to EMF 155
Table 4.15 Case-control studies of female breast cancer and occupational studies of EMF 157
Table 4.16 Epidemiological studies of lung cancer with full-shift measurements of magnetic fields 158
Table 4.17 Central nervous system tumors in offspring of EMF-exposed parents 159
Table 4.18 Design of studies of leukemia and residential exposure to EMF 161
Table 4.19 Results of studies of leukemia and residential exposure to EMF 164
Table 4.20 Summary of epidemiological studies on childhood cancers 190
Table 4.21 Childhood leukemia 196
Table 4.22 Results for childhood nervous system tumors 200
Table 4.23 Results for childhood lymphoma 202
Table 4.24 Summary of appliance studies 203
Table 4.25 Summary of meta-analysis results 205
Table 4.26 Summary of NIEHS meta-analysis 207
Table 4.27 Summary of immunological studies of exposure to EMF in experimental animals 213
Table 4.28 Perception in experimental animals exposed to EMF 230
Table 4.29 Summary of experiments assessing aversion in experimental animals fields 231
Table 4.30 Learning and performance in experimental animals exposed to EMF 232
Table 4.31 Neurophysiological effects of EMF in experimental animals 234
Table 4.32 Electrophysiological effects of EMF in experimental animals 236
Table 4.33 Studies on EMF exposures and reproductive and developmental effects of EMF in experimental animals and birds 241
Table 4.34 Studies of the effect of exposure to EMF on melatonin in experimental animals 253
Table 4.35 Minimal exposure assessment required for a study to be included in this review 272
Table 4.36 Adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal exposure to EMF 293
Table 4.37 Alzheimer disease and dementia in association with exposure to EMF 295
Table 4.38 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in association with exposure to EMF 297
Table 4.39 Suicide and depression in association with exposure to EMF 299
Table 4.40 Mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to exposure to magnetic fields (Savitz et al., 1998c) 300
Table 4.41 Effects on exposure to EMF on measures of electrical activity in human brain 318
Table 4.42 Laboratory studies of the effects of magnetic fields on electroencephalographic measures of human sleep 320
Table 4.43 EMF effects of exposure to EMF on human cognition and performance 321
Table 4.44 Effects of exposure to EMF on heart rate and heart rate variability in human volunteers 323
Table 4.45 Effects of exposure to EMF on melatonin and its metabolite in humans 324
Table 4.46 Maximum numbers of turnovers of some enzymes 391
Table 4.47 Cells showing Ca++ oscillations 391
Table 4.48 Average endogenous fields due to heart activity induced field (Hz) 391
Table 4.49 Experimental papers reporting resonance depending on the static magnetic fields (BDC) 392
Table 8.1 Units 477